Cytomegalovirus (Urine)

Does this test have other names?

CMV test

What is this test?

This is a urine test for cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV is a common virus that belongs to the herpes family. It is so widespread that most people in the U.S. have been infected with it by the time they reach age 40 and many don't realize it. You can pick up the virus by handling or exchanging bodily fluids. This includes saliva, blood, urine, breast milk, and semen. The virus usually causes only a mild illness or none at all. But it can do serious harm to unborn children, people with HIV/AIDS, or others with a weak immune system.

Why do I need this test?

You may need this test if you have unexplained symptoms that are like the flu. If you've been infected with the virus, you may have these symptoms:

• Tiredness and weakness

• Night sweats

• Fever

• Muscle pain

• Sore throat

• Swollen glands

• Loss of appetite

The symptoms can be like mononucleosis (mono). Mono is an infectious illness that can make a person bedridden for a period of time.

You may also have this test if you develop a monolike or flulike illness during pregnancy. This is because pregnant women exposed to the virus can miscarry or pass along the virus to the baby. Most unborn babies exposed to CMV are born healthy or with only mild symptoms. But exposure to the virus raises the risk for nervous system defects, hearing loss, and other problems later in life. If you test positive for the virus, your healthcare provider can take steps to protect you and your baby.

Babies are often tested up to 3 weeks after they are born if their skin and eyes turn yellow, a sign of jaundice. This virus can also cause newborns to be born smaller or develop a lung infection and splotchy skin.

You may also have this test if you are getting an organ transplant. Undetected herpes viruses, including CMV, are the cause of the failure of many kidney transplants. Many people who get organ transplants test positive for the virus. Up to 72% develop CMV infections.

You may also get a test for CMV if you have symptoms of CMV infection and HIV/AIDS. This is because your weakened immune system leaves you open to other illnesses. If you have HIV/AIDS and have an infection caused by CMV, you may have severe symptoms. These can include pneumonia, diarrhea, bleeding ulcers in your throat or stomach, and even blindness or swelling in the brain.

What other tests might I have along with this test?

You may have a liver test to see if your liver is working well. People with this virus often get their blood tested as well. A high white blood cell count in a blood test may be a sign that you have the virus.

What do my test results mean?

Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, and other things. Your test results may be different depending on the lab used. They may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you.

Your test is positive if a culture from your urine sample can produce, or grow, the virus. Talk with your healthcare provider about what a positive result means. You can usually limit and reverse the effects of CMV with treatment.

How is this test done?

This test is done with a urine sample.

Does this test pose any risks?

This test has no known risks.

How do I get ready for this test?

Make sure to drink enough fluids to be able to give a urine sample. Tell your healthcare provider about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don't need a prescription and any illegal drugs you may use.