What is tibial torsion in children?

Tibial torsion is an inward twisting of the shinbones. These bones are located between the knee and the ankle. Tibial torsion causes a child’s feet to turn inward. The child may look pigeon-toed (intoeing). It is typically seen among toddlers.

What causes tibial torsion in a child?

Tibial torsion can happen because of the position of the baby in the uterus. It also tends to run in families. Typically, a child’s walking style looks like that of their parents.

What are the symptoms of tibial torsion in a child?

The symptoms of tibial torsion may include:

• Inward-facing toes, or pigeon-toed (intoeing) appearance

• Bowed legs

The bowed leg stance actually helps the child stay balanced as they stand. Balance isn't as steady when the child tries to stand and walk with the feet close together or with the feet turned out. They may trip and fall.

How is tibial torsion diagnosed in a child?

Your child’s healthcare provider can diagnose tibial torsion with a physical exam. During the exam, they may ask about your child’s birth and health history and if other family members have the condition. Your child probably won't need X-rays.

How is tibial torsion treated in a child?

Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how bad the condition is.

This condition often gets better with time. As the child grows, walking will become more normal, usually between ages 5 and 8. If the case is severe, treatment may help straighten the shinbones. Treatment may include:

• Orthotic shoes or shoe inserts

• Casting or leg braces

• Surgery

Key points about tibial torsion in children

• Tibial torsion is an inward twisting of the shinbones.

• This condition causes a child to have inward-facing toes and bowed legs.

• It may be caused by the position of the baby in the uterus.

• A physical exam can diagnose tibial torsion.

• Treatment is often not needed unless the case is severe. The condition usually improves as the child grows.

Next steps

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your child’s healthcare provider:

• Know the reason for the visit and what you want to happen.

• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.

• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you for your child.

• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed and how it will help your child. Also know what the side effects are and when they should be reported.

• Ask if your child’s condition can be treated in other ways.

• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.

• Know what to expect if your child does not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.

• If your child has a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.

• Know how you can contact your child’s healthcare provider after office hours, and on weekends and holidays. This is important if your child becomes ill and you have questions or need advice.